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Altruria, California
Altruria was a short-lived utopian commune in Sonoma County, California based on Christian socialist principles and inspired by William Dean Howells's 1894 novel, ''A Traveler from Altruria''.
==History==
Founded by Unitarian minister Edward Biron Payne and thirty of his followers near Santa Rosa in October 1894, Altruria prospered only for a few months. Payne was born in Vermont and served as minister for Unitarian churches in New Hampshire, Massachusetts and several other East Coast locations. In 1892, due to deteriorating health, Payne moved west and became the minister of First Unitarian Church, Berkeley, California, delivering sermons reflecting socialist principles and covering political events of his era. The last installment of William Dean Howells' popular work, ''A Traveller from Altruria'', was published in the 1893 issue of ''Cosmopolitan''. Several Altrurian groups subsequently emerged in the Bay Area, and at one of these gatherings in 1894, a Berkeley-based Altrurian Club decided to change its focus from discussing social change to implementing social change through the establishment of a colony; Payne was a charter member. Several such societies were created in the San Francisco and Los Angeles areas.
The ''Altrurian'', the group's Berkeley-based newspaper, was first published in October 1894. The ''Altrurian'' sought to promote the community's ideals and the formation of Altrurian societies. As reported by the ''Altrurian'' in fall of 1894, the Altrurians had secured property with several small houses and a grist mill in the hills near Santa Rosa. The first colonists arrived in October 1894. After settlement, the community started a hotel on the property. Poor management and funding challenges posed by the hotel project caused the group to implement a reorganization plan to avoid bankruptcy only one year after the group was founded. At the same time, the group founded two new locations. The financial problems proved insurmountable, however, and all the locations were abandoned in 1896.
The Altrurians kept orchards and gardens and sold their produce in a shop in San Francisco, whose manager was Job Harriman.
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